朱寿桐

澳门大学教授

勃兰兑斯与中国现代文学批评体系的建构

格奥尔格·勃兰兑斯是丹麦伟大的文学批评家，也被认为是丹麦现代文学的奠基者。他的不朽名著《十九世纪文学主流》以及《波兰印象记》等，吸引了鲁迅、周作人、沈雁冰、郁达夫、郑振铎、沈泽民、冯至、陈翔鹤等一批新文学倡导者和建设者，同时也对韩侍桁、李之常等后一辈文学批评家产生了强烈的影响。勃兰兑斯通过外国文学的经验分析激励本国和本地区文学上进的文化关怀启发了中国现代文学批评家，通过文学历史的分析对一个时代的精神进行总体把握的批评立场感染了中国现代文学批评家，通过心灵的感悟和富有性灵的表达进行文学批评和历史总结的批评风格为中国现代文学批评家树立了榜样。中国现代文学批评有从俄国、日本引进的社会历史学批评，有中国传统的性灵批评，勃兰兑斯让中国新文学拥有了充满如火一般情感和诗性的批评，如鲁迅、李健吾、胡兰成富有诗性的文学批评所呈现的，这样的批评充实并丰富了中国现代文学批评体系。

Georg Brandes and Completing of Critical System of Modern Chinese Literature

Georg Brandes is a great critic from Denmark and a foundation builder of Modern Literature of Denmark. His very famous works such as  The Main Literary Currents in the 19th Century ,attrcted many famous modern critics such as Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Shen Yanbing, Shen Zeming, Yu Dafu, Zheng Zhenduo, Feng Zhi, Chen Xianghe, also attracted the critics in the next generation such as Han Shiheng and Li Zhichang. Brandes illuminated Modern Chinese Literary Critics in three fields: caring and advocating his own nation’s literature through analyzing foreign literary experiences, holding the time spirits with the historic and cultural analyzing for literature, expressing critic texts in poetic mood and spiritual style. Modern Chinese Critical System composed by three parts: social and theory critical style from Russia and Japan, historic and ethical critical style from traditional China, and poetic mood and spiritual style from Brandes. Lu Xun, Li Jianwu and Hu Lancheng are all good at such a style in literary criticize. The criticize style from Brandes completed the critical system of Modern Chinese Literature.